Chandan Vraksha

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Sandal wood or chandan has been an important part of Indian culture and heritage for millions of years and one of the first item traded with others countries. Sandal wood is mentioned in the most Ancient Indian literature like as Shivpuran and Ramayana etc. Sandalwood (Chandan) represent in important place in five divine plants and its morning seeing is better response for daily life according to most ancient spiritual literature. Sandal wood (Santalam album) belonging to the family Santalaceae which is found in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, China and Australia. Sandalwood can be grown in different climatic condition and temperature not restricted to any region and area. The plantation grown sandalwood with intensive cultivation in organic manner give good result than the natural once. The naturally grown sandal tree requires more than 30 years for harvesting where as technically developed plant starts formation of scented heart wood around 20-35 kgs in 12- 15 years.

Sandal woods price have been sky rocketed and what was until now only a tree has come to know as “Wooden Gold”. For hundreds of years India and Indians have been long deprived of this precious cash crop called “Sandalwood” these wild trees yield crores of rupees however needs least human intervention or care for its growth. India is one among the only six countries which has the favorable soil and climatic condition to grow Sandalwood and was once a huge supplier to the rest of world.

However in the recent past the situation become such that India had to import Sandalwood from other countries as the natural resources from the forest had almost come to extinct. An average Sandalwood tree when cultivated in organized farming yields around 20-35 kgs of heartwood in 12-15 years of time. In an acre 435 Sandalwood trees are grown thus yielding around 6 mt of heartwood fetching approx 5 crores per acre this gives the farmers a huge reward for their hard work and an excellent tax free return for the progressive farmers / investors who trusted them. International union for conservation of nature and natural resources (IUCN) marked Sandalwood plant as a threatened species red list.

Latest Agro-Technology for Organic farming of Sandalwood-

Nursery can be raised using bio-fertilizers, which would give adequate nutrients for the developing seedlings. It is mistaken belief that Sandalwood grown in natural forest conditions alone produce scented heart wood and sandalwood grown in northern region would not produce scented wood.

Fragrance and flavour development centre (FFDC –Govt. of India) recommended Sandal wood plantation in north Indian climatic conditions. National botanical garden (NBRI-Govt.of India) Lucknow developed many matured plants of Sandalwood.

The plantation grown trees with inter plantation with good hostorial plants will produce heart wood formation in about 4 to 5 years and develop good heartwood ranging in diameter from 14cm to 25cm in about 12 to 15 years. Harvesting at this age is much more economical and commercially viable.

Climate

Sandal wood is a small tropical tree. The tree developed best between elevations of 600- 1200m the important Sandal tracts lie in places where rainfall varies from 60-160cm the sandalwood tree can grow in almost any part of India.

Soil

Sandalwood is capable of growing in different kinds of soils like sandy, clay, loam, red soils, late rite, and black cotton soils Sandalwood can grow under various conditions of soil pH from 6.0 to 8.5 for good growth of Sandal tree it requires good drainage as it does not stand water logging.

Inter-cropping with other plants

Sandalwood can be intercropped with many medicinal and aromatic plants, flower plants, vegetables, ground nuts, and fruit bearing trees like alma, guava, pomegranate, grafted tamarind etc. these gives quick returns to the farmer to reduce the burden of maintain the long term crop.

Plantation maintenance- Sandalwood plants will need most care in the first year and will be increasingly in dependent in following years.

Uses

Sandalwood is widely used in religious, medicinal and industrial purpose.

Religious use

Almost all religion accept spiritual importance of Sandalwood.

Hindu Tradition

Sandalwood paste distributed to devotees who it apply to the forehead or the neck and chest preparation of paste is a duty fit only for the pure and is therefore entrusted in temples during ceremonies only to priests. The paste is prepared by grinding wood by hand upon granite slabs shaped for the purpose with slow addition of water a thick paste results ‘ Chandan’ Sandalwood paste is a smeared on the forehead during prayer and use as cleansing agent for ‘sins’. Sandalwood used in pyres by Hindus.

Islamic Tradition

Sandalwood is among the perfumes approved by Islamic tradition. A Saudi described Sandalwood “As precious as gold” which he kept in a safe just like jewelry Saudi Arabia is the biggest importer of Sandalwood in the Gulf.

Chinese and Japanese Tradition

Sandalwood along with agar wood is the most commonly used incense material by the Chinese and Japanese in worship and various ceremonies. Sandalwood is a very important ingredient in Japanese incense in both traditional and modern formulas.

Buddhism Tradition

Sandalwood is also one of the more popular scent used for when offering incense to Buddha.

Zoroastrian Tradition

Sandalwood is called sukhar in Zoroastrian community and widely used in various religious occasions.

Medicinal use-

• The heartwood yields fragrant oil which is used for medicinal purpose throughout India and World since 2000 B.C.
• Medicinally Sandalwood is disinfectant, blood purifier, intellect promoter, cardiac-tonic, diuretic, antipyretic, anti-hemorrhoids, antidiarrhoeal, and antiseptic, antiemetic and cooling nature and expectorant properties. It is used in treatment of bronchitis and urinary infections.
• Sandalwood oil has been found to contain cancer fighting qualities and a cream is in the final stage of development in the U.S. at John Hopkins Institute.
• Sandalwood oil used in Aroma therapy and to prepare soaps due to these antimicrobial properties it can be used to clear skin from black heads and spots.
• Sandalwood paste and oil are used as coolants to treat burns the wood paste is also smeared on the skin to purify the complexion and heat rashes. Sandalwood oil is used in soaps that clarify the complexion. The oil also has an important place in the indigenous system of medicine. It is also considered to be affective cure against the migraine.
• Sandalwood is considered in alternative medicine to bring on closer to divine it gives a cool soothing effect to the body thus reducing the body heat. Sandalwood oil is used for ayurvedic purposes and treating anxiety. It is also supported to be a mood enhancer.

Industrial use

• One of the oldest incense materials Sandalwood has been in use for at least 4000 years.
• Sandalwood oil a valuable fragrance where Sandalwood oil remains an important ingredient in fragranced soaps, toiletries and most famous perfumes.
• Sandalwood oil widely used in cosmetic industry.
• The strong demand for Sandalwood oil fine fragrances in the chewing tobacco and pan masala industry.
• Sandalwood oil is an excellent base and fixative for other high grade perfumes.

Senzara Life care SLC Sandal Wood

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चंदन की खुशबू हर किसी का मन मोह लेती है। आंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार मे बेहद बढती मांग और सोने जैसे बहुमुल्य समझे जाने वाले चंदन की ऊंची कीमत होने के कारण भविष्य मे चंदन की खेती करना बहुत लाभप्रद व्यवसाय साबित हो सकता है। और देशो के तुलना मे भारत मे पाये जाने वाले चंदन के पेड मे खुशबु और तेल का प्रमाण (1% से 6%) सबसे ज्यादा है। इसी वजह से भारतीय चंदन को आंतरराष्ट्रीय बाजार मे बडी मांग है। भारत मे चंदन रसदार लकड़ी (Hart Wood) कि किमत 6000 से 12000 रुपये प्रती कीलो है। बारीक लकडी 800 रुपये कीलो है।

पौधे का परिचय (Introduction)

वैज्ञानिक नाम: Santalum Album linn

श्रेणी: सुगंधीय

भूमि की तैयारी

उचित जल की व्यवस्था हो तो साल मे कभी भी लगा सकते है। पेड लगाने से पहले गहरी जुताई की आवश्यकता होती है। 2.3 बार जोतकर मिट्टी क्षमता को बढ़ाया जाता है। 2x2x2 फिट का गढ्ढा बनाकर ऊसे सुखने दिया जाता है। मुरखाद कंपोस्ट खाद का इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। 12x15 फिट के दूरी पर पेड लगाये 1 एकड मे 435 पेड आते है।

खाद एवं सिंचाई प्रबंधन

इसे अधिक उर्वरक की आवश्यकता नहीं होती है। शुरुवाती दिनो मे फसल वृद्धि के दौरान खाद की आवश्यकता होती है। मानसून में वृक्ष तेजी से बढ़ते है पर गर्मियों में सिंचाई की जरुरत होती है। ड्रिप विधि से सिंचाई को प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए। सिंचाई मिट्टी में नमी धारण करने की क्षमता और मौसम पर निर्भर करती है। शुरुवाती दिनो मे मानसून के बाद दिसम्बर से मई तक सिंचाई करे ।

कटाई (Harvesting) तुडाई कटाई का समय

चंदन की जड़े भी सुगंधित होती है। इसलिए वृक्ष को जड़ से उखाडा जाता है न कि काटा जाताहै। चौथे साल से रसदार लकड़ी बनना शुरु होती है। चंदन की लकडी मे दो भाग होते है रसदार लकड़ी (Hart wood) और सूखी लकड़ी (Dry wood) दोनो की किमत अलग - अलग होती है। जब वृक्ष लगभग 12-15 साल पुराना हो जाता है तब लकड़ी प्राप्त होती है और पेड के जीवनपर्यन्त तक प्राप्त होती रहती है। जड़ से उखाडने के बाद पेड़ को टुकड़ो में काटा जाता है और डिपो में रसदार लकड़ी (Hart wood) को अलग किया जाता है।

चंदन खेती का अर्थशास्त्र

चंदन धिरे धिरे बढनेवाला पेड है, लेकिन समुचित जल प्रबन्धन करने पर जैसे ठिंबक सिंचन इस्तेमाल कर हर साल पेड के तने का घेरा 12 से.मी. से बढा सकते है। 12 से 15 साल बाद जमीन से 5 फिट ऊपर तने का घेरा 80 से.मी. हो तो ऊस चंदन के पेड से 20 से 35 कीलो (Hart wood) मिल सकता है। आज (Hart wood) का मार्केट रेट प्रती कीलो रु. 6000 से 12000 है। और इसे बेचने के लिए वन विभाग से अनुमति ले कर आसानी से बेचा जा सकता है।

12.15 साल बाद का रु. 6000 रेट भी मानते है। और रसदार लकड़ी (Hart wood) 50 किलो भी मिलता हो तो 1 पेड से रु. 3 लाख मिल सकते है, तो किसान भाईयों देर किस बात की एस एल सी सेन्ड़ल बुड़ चन्दन की बगिया लगायें और लगवाये उज्जवल भविष्य के लिए और शुद्ध वातावरण मे महके और महकाये ।

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